Title : Interdisciplinary Bio-Robotics Research Based on Disruptive Technologies.
Author : Prof. Takashi Saito (Faculty of System Science & Technology, Akita Univ., Japan)

Historically, scientists and engineers have been comparing living body's functions as some mechanic systems for understanding. Now, modern technology enables us to realize how living body – especially human being – is controlled systematically in details, but such the analysis cannot be ended shortly. Our research group is a cutting edge player of such a field and our projects were started from a cell level neural interface, which interprets information signals of living body's with artificial system's - e.g. robotic artificial limb - bi-directionally.

Although the origin of the research requires interdisciplinary knowledge about biomedical engineering and robotics, our research efforts require us more extras. The ongoing projects are: high performance cell processor for cell based medicine, animal mimicking robot with high mobility, and robotic long range manipulator for welfare engineering. Our latest effort proved that we could apply our unique cell membrane perforation process to a large number of cells automatically, with a robotic cell processing system.

As I mentioned before, our research projects have wide variations from cell based medicine to animal mimicking robotics, but there exists a common supporting idea: this is the concept of "disruptive technologies". It is an idea on economics by Clayton M. Christensen, how can even a group which has small, limited resources compete against his rivals. The recent development of low-cost but enough performance software/mechanical components for the system design/control is the 1st key and rapid prototyping technology is the 2nd key contributors of our activities. In this lecture, I will introduce how to create a novel system with the above described tools, and the methods will be well-suited to realize student's fresh ideas, too.

Title : Ten Ways Hackers Breach Security.
Author : Mr. Sanjay Sharma (Scientist-C, NIC, Jaipur)

our organization's threat level by adopting some important practices. There are ten common methods hackers use to breach the security. Stealing Passwords : Password protection is the oldest step, which is used for security. Unfortunately, passwords that are too complex for a person to remember easily can be discovered by a cracking tool in a frighteningly short period of time. Dictionary attacks, brute force attacks, and hybrid attacks are all various methods used to guess or crack passwords. The only real protection against such threats is to make very strong and long passwords or use multiple factors for authentication. Trojan Horses : Trojan horse is a malicious payload secretly delivered inside a host. Some of the famous Trojan horse are Back Orifice, NetBus, and SubSeven. Any malicious payload can be combined with any software to create a Trojan horse. Malicious payload includes programs that destroy hard drives, corrupt files, record keystrokes, monitor network traffic, track Web usage, duplicate e-mails, allow remote control and remote access, transmit data files to others, launch attacks against other targets, plant proxy servers, host file sharing services, and many more. Payloads can be grabbed off the Internet or can be just written code authored by the hacker. Then, this payload can be embedded into any software to create the Trojan horse. Exploiting Defaults : Attacking a target network becomes easy when that target is using the defaults set provided by the vendor or manufacturer. Many attacking tools assumes that the target is configured using the default settings. Hence, the most effective and often overlooked security precaution is simply to change the defaults. The scope of this problem can be find by making a search on Internet for sites using the keywords "default passwords". Man-in-the- Middle (MITM) Attacks : A MITM attack occurs when an attacker is able to fool a user into establishing a communication link with a server or service through a rogue entity. The rogue entity is the system controlled by the hacker. It has been set up to intercept the communication between user and server without letting the user become aware that the misdirection attack has taken place. The rogue system has a look-alike interface that tricks the user into providing their logon credentials. Wireless Attacks : Wireless means freedom from wires - the ability to be mobile. Wireless networks are economical to deploy and easy to install. Time, effort, and expense required to secure wireless networks is significantly more than deploying a traditional wired network. Interference, DOS, hijacking, man-in-the-middle, eavesdropping, sniffing, and many more attacks are become simple for attackers when wireless networks are used. Doing their Homework : External hackers, learn how to overcome the security barriers by researching the organization. This process is known as discovery or footprinting. Most organizations are hemorrhaging data; companies freely give away much information that can be used against them in various types of logical and physical attacks. Following are the examples which show that what a hacker can learn about the organization, often in minutes: The names of top executives and any flashy employees by perusing the archive of press releases, The company address, phone number and fax number from domain name registration, The service provider for Internet access through DNS lookup and trace route, Employee home addresses, phone numbers, employment history. Monitoring Vulnerability Research : They are able to read Web sites, discussion lists, blogs, and other public information services about known problems, issues, and vulnerabilities with hardware and software. The more the hacker can discover about possible attack points, the more likely he can discover a weakness. For this we should keep watch on discussion groups and web sites from each and every vendor whose products we are using in the organization. Being Patient and Persistent : Hacking is not an activity that someone undertakes and completes in a short period of time. Hackers often research their targets for weeks or months, before starting their first tentative logical interactions against their target with scanners, bannergrabbing tools, and crawling utilities. The most devastating attacks are those that go undetected for a long period of time, while the hacker has extensive control over the environment. Confidence Games : Firewalls, IDSes, IPSes, and antimalware scanners have made intrusions and hacking a difficult task. But,many hackers have expanded their idea of what hacking means to include social engineering: hackers are going after the weakest link in any organization's security—the people. Already Being on the Inside : It is assumed that the hacker is some unknown outsider but a majority of security violations actually are caused by internal employees. It can happen in two different ways. First, the hacker can get a job at the target company .Second, an existing employee can become dissatisfied and choose to cause harm to the company as a form of revenge.